Python Introduction

What is Python?

Python is a very popular general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, and high-level programming language. Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum during 1985- 1990. Like Perl, Python source code is also available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including Procedural, Object Oriented and Functional programming language. Python design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation.

Why Python is popular?

Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991.

It is used for:

web development (server-side),
software development,
mathematics
system scripting.

Python Jobs

Today, Python is very high in demand and all the major companies are looking for great Python Programmers to develop websites, software components, and applications or to work with Data Science, AI, and ML technologies.

Market demands more number of Python Programmers due to it's application in Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence etc.

Today a Python Programmer with 3-5 years of experience is asking for around $150,000 annual package and this is the most demanding programming language in America. Though it can vary depending on the location of the Job. It's impossible to list all of the companies using Python, to name a few big companies are:

Google
Intel
NASA
PayPal
Facebook
IBM
Amazon
Netflix
Pinterest
Uber Many more...

What can Python do?

Python can be used on a server to create web applications.
Python can be used alongside software to create workflows.
Python can connect to database systems. It can also read and modify files.
Python can be used to handle big data and perform complex mathematics.
Python can be used for rapid prototyping, or for production-ready software development.

Why Python?

Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc).
Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language.
Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than some other programming languages.
Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be executed as soon as it is written. This means that prototyping can be very quick.
Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-oriented way or a functional way.
Good to know
The most recent major version of Python is Python 3,. However, Python 2, although not being updated with anything other than security updates, is still quite popular.

Python will be written in a text editor. It is possible to write Python in an Integrated Development Environment, such as Thonny, Pycharm, Netbeans or Eclipse which are particularly useful when managing larger collections of Python files.
Python Syntax compared to other programming languages
Python was designed for readability, and has some similarities to the English language with influence from mathematics.
Python uses new lines to complete a command, as opposed to other programming languages which often use semicolons or parentheses.
Python relies on indentation, using whitespace, to define scope; such as the scope of loops, functions and classes. Other programming languages often use curly-brackets for this purpose.

Why to Learn Python?

Python is consistently rated as one of the world's most popular programming languages. Python is fairly easy to learn, so if you are starting to learn any programming language then Python could be your great choice. Today various Schools, Colleges and Universities are teaching Python as their primary programming language. There are many other good reasons which makes Python as the top choice of any programmer:

Python is Open Source which means its available free of cost.
Python is simple and so easy to learn
Python is versatile and can be used to create many different things.
Python has powerful development libraries include AI, ML etc.
Python is much in demand and ensures high salary
Python is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a great Software Engineer specially when they are working in Web Development Domain. I will list down some of the key advantages of learning Python:

Python is Interpreted − Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do not need to compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and PHP.

Python is Interactive − You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with the interpreter directly to write your programs.

Python is Object-Oriented − Python supports Object-Oriented style or technique of programming that encapsulates code within objects.

Python is a Beginner's Language − Python is a great language for the beginner-level programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications from simple text processing to WWW browsers to games

Careers with Python

If you know Python nicely, then you have a great career ahead. Here are just a few of the career options where Python is a key skill:

Game developer
Web designer
Python developer
Full-stack developer
Machine learning engineer
Data scientist
Data analyst
Data engineer
DevOps engineer
Software engineer
Many more other roles
Characteristics of Python

Following are important characteristics of Python Programming −

It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP
It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte-code for building large applications.
It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type checking.
It supports automatic garbage collection.
It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java.

Applications of Python

The latest release of Python is 3.x. As mentioned before, Python is one of the most widely used language over the web. I'm going to list few of them here:

Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.
Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes
Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.
A broad standard library − Python's bulk of the library is very portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.
Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which allows interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.
Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the same interface on all platforms.
Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more efficient.
Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.
GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be created and ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.
Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large programs than shell scripting.

Let's start doing Python Coding or PROGRAMMING

Python Content : https://kvno2jaipur.wordpress.com/

About PYTHON

Python is a popular high-level, open source programming language with a wide range of applications in automation, big data, Data Science, Data Analytics development of games and web applications. It is a flexible, powerful object-oriented and interpreted language.

Python is considered to be a programming language with the highest number of job opportunities.

Researchers have named Python ‘the next big thing’ as it is being preferred by many young and experienced developers and is a highly paid skill among all the programming languages in the IT space.

We offers a comprehensive Core Python training that will help you master fundamentals, advanced theoretical concepts like writing scripts, sequence and file operations in Python while getting hands-on practical experience with the functional applications as the training is blended with hands on assignments, live projects by industry experts having 22+ years experienced and provide placement assistance.

Python is one of the most used programming languages for web development. It is the language which is popularly used for back-end development while it is also used for front-end development.

It is a very powerful high-level, object-oriented programming language. Python is an interpreted language and interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems.

It is a language which has code which can be packaged into stand-alone executable programs. It is one of the most demanded programming languages with thousands of python developers all over the globe who are uplifting their careers and becoming python full-stack developers.

Python is a very powerful high-level, object-oriented programming language. Python is an interpreted language. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a wide variety of systems.

Using third-party tools, such as Py2exe or Pyinstaller Python code can be packaged into stand-alone executable programs. Django is an extremely widely used framework, and because it’s open source. Django is a web framework which written in python & follows the MVC architectural pattern. It is maintained by the Django software foundation, an independent organization. There are many other frameworks like Pyramid,web2py, Flask, etc. which support developers in the design & maintenance of complex applications. Pyjamas & IronPython can be used to develop the client side of ajax-based applications.

Important: Python works best for prototyping, machine learning apps, OS, language development, games, and graphic designing/ image processing where they can easily develop both client and server software.

What Is Python Full Stack Developer?

Python is a versatile high-level programming language which is used for scientific data and has structured as well as unstructured data. Where a python full stack developer has expertise in using Python language for all the applications. It is a language which permits the computer system which executes software and makes it easy to communicate with each other. Python has code which easily interacts with the code which is written with many other languages like C, JavaScript and others which provide an entire web stack. A python full stack developer needs to work on the frontend and backend. While in simple words full stack developers help to create a website which has effective look and efficient functionality.

Fast Facts: Python is a great programming language to support you in full-stack development. A full-stack web developer is a person who can develop both client and server software. In addition to mastering HTML and CSS, he/she also knows how to: Program a browser (like using JavaScript, jQuery, Angular, or Vue) and Program a server (like using PHP, ASP, Python, or Node).

What You Will Need To Learn To Become A Python Full Stack Developer?

While you are a beginner you need to become an expert on both sides to acquaint yourself and become an expert.

Front End Development:

It has a minimal list covering where you need to know and started with front-end development:

It has web fundamentals of HTML, JavaScript, and CSS.

JavaScript library like jQuery.

Where front-end JavaScript frameworks like AngularJS, ReactJS, and VueJS.

It has a CSS framework like Bootstrap.

Back End Development:

It also has a minimal list covering where you need to get started with back-end development:

A database like MySQL, MongoDB, PostgreSQL, or SQLite.

Python back-end frameworks such as Django or Flask.

Git is a source code management and version control.

Designing and building application programming interfaces.

CRUD operation.

Tips To Become A Python Full Stack Developer

Start Learning Front End Web Development: You can start by learning Python and back-end stuff where you have the reverse way as well. If you are a beginner in web development, it is better to start by learning with front-end technology. HTML is a markup language which helps to create the basic part of a website like a header, image, paragraph, and others.

Master The Fundamentals Of Python: Python is a popular, powerful, and syntax-friendly programming language. It is necessary to know the basics of python while it is relatively easy to understand the programming language. It has an understanding of basic syntax, how to write code, how the loop works, how to write functions, how to write a conditional statement, and others. Where you need to start learning with basics and then you need to move to the next step ahead.

Learn A Web Development Framework (Django or Flask): It is time to learn back-end development framework. It is a language which has two frameworks and is available on web development Django and Flask. Django is difficult to learn where they have a rocket science and you need to become a master if you are spending enough time working on these tools. Django has a model view template which has unique features. It is difficult to start and it is simple to become a master of it.

Plan Your Progress With Small Achievable Goals: While learning the python full stack course you need to plan things accordingly where you need to progress on small goals where it involves various languages, frameworks, and techniques. Where you have various concepts to learn and help the structure of a plan which decomposes on the goal and needs to meet the goals with realistic deadlines. It is necessary for you to make an achievable goal and meet the targets.

Build A Web Development Portfolio: For each web developer and engineer as front end, back end, or haystack needs an online portfolio which showcases their work. It helps to update the strongest project where you start applying. It is necessary to learn with front-end development and back-end development where you can add projects and portfolios based on the work and need to build a portfolio entitled about your learning. Where clients know about you when they can easily run the codes and count.

What Are The Career Opportunities for Python Full Stack Developers?

A python full stack developer is one of the excellent career choices where many people look for a career in this platform. There are many job options after python full stack developer training and becoming an expert in the field. They have job options like software engineer, Microsoft developer, process project manager, computer vision engineer, application developer, and others. Where python full stack developer salary is 4.4 LPA which goes to 14.5 LPA in India. While they can easily lookout for a career outside the career and get good salary packages.

Key Takeaways:

The demand for full-stack developers is high.

The average salary of full-stack developers in India is around 6 LPA.

You know about multiple aspects of development.

It has better productivity.

Put your comments in the Comment sections

PRACTICE Assignments

Programming and Problem Solving Through Python

i. Write a program to print all Armstrong numbers in a given range. Note: An Armstrong

number is a number whose sum of cubes of digits is equal to the number itself. E.g.

370=33+73+03

ii. Write a function to obtain sum n terms of the following series for any positive integer value

of X

X +X3 /3! +X5 /5! ! +X7 /7! + ...

iii. Write a function to obtain sum n terms of the following series for any positive integer value

of X

1+x/1!+x2/2!+x3/3!+...

iv. Write a program to multiply two numbers by repeated addition e.g.

6*7 = 6+6+6+6+6+6+6

v. Write a program to compute the wages of a daily laborer as per the following rules: -

Hours Worked Rate Applicable Upto first 8 hrs Rs100/-

a) For next 4 hrs Rs30/- per hr extra

b) For next 4 hrs Rs40/- per hr extra

c) For next 4 hrs Rs50/- per hr extra

d) For rest Rs60/- per hr extra

vi. Accept the name of the labourer and no. of hours worked. Calculate and display the wages.

The program should run for N number of labourers as specified by the user.

vii. Write a function that takes a string as parameter and returns a string with every successive

repetitive character replaced by? e.g. school may become scho?l.

viii. Write a program that takes in a sentence as input and displays the number of words, number

of capital letters, no. of small letters and number of special symbols.

ix. Write a Python program that takes list of numbers as input from the user and produces a

cumulative list where each element in the list at any position n is sum of all elements at

positions upto n-1.

x. Write a program which takes list of numbers as input and finds:

a) The largest number in the list

b) The smallest number in the list

c) Product of all the items in the list

xi. Write a Python function that takes two lists and returns True if they have at least one common

item.

xii. Write a Python program to combine two dictionary adding values for common keys.

d1 = {'a': 100, 'b': 200, 'c':300}

d2 = {'a': 300, 'b': 200, 'd':400}

Sample output: Counter({'a': 400, 'b': 400, 'd': 400, 'c': 300})

xiii. Write a program that takes sentence as input from the user and computes the frequency of

each letter. Use a variable of dictionary type to maintain and show the frequency of each

letter.

xiv. Apply recursive call to do the following:

a) Product of two numbers using repetitive addition

b) Print Fibonacci series up to term n

xv. Write a program to input two numbers as input and compute the greatest common divisor

xvi. Write a function that takes two filenames f1 and f2 as input. The function should read the

contents of f1 line by line and write them onto f2.

xvii. Write a function that reads the contents of the file f3.txt and counts the number of alphabets,

blank spaces, lowercase letters, number of words starting with a vowel and number of

occurrences of a work “hello”.

xviii. Write a program to replace ‘a’ with ‘b’, ‘b’ with ‘c’,....,’z’ with ‘a’ and similarly for ‘A’

with ‘B’,’B’ with ‘C’, ...., ‘Z’ with ‘A’ in a file. The other characters should remain

unchanged.

xix. Write a NumPy program to find the most frequent value in an array.

xx. Take two NumPy arrays having two dimensions. Concatenate the arrays on axis

What is an Exception?

An Exception is an error that occurred during the execution of a piece of code. A runtime error is called an Exception, the cause of the exception is improper input.

Error in Python can be of two types i.e. Syntax errors and Exceptions. Errors are problems in a program due to which the program will stop the execution. On the other hand, exceptions are raised when some internal events occur which change the normal flow of the program.

Different types of exceptions in python:

In Python, there are several built-in exceptions that can be raised when an error occurs during the execution of a program. Here are some of the most common types of exceptions in Python:

SyntaxError: This exception is raised when the interpreter encounters a syntax error in the code, such as a misspelled keyword, a missing colon, or an unbalanced parenthesis.

TypeError: This exception is raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of the wrong type, such as adding a string to an integer.

NameError: This exception is raised when a variable or function name is not found in the current scope.

IndexError: This exception is raised when an index is out of range for a list, tuple, or other sequence types.

KeyError: This exception is raised when a key is not found in a dictionary.

ValueError: This exception is raised when a function or method is called with an invalid argument or input, such as trying to convert a string to an integer when the string does not represent a valid integer.

AttributeError: This exception is raised when an attribute or method is not found on an object, such as trying to access a non-existent attribute of a class instance.

IOError: This exception is raised when an I/O operation, such as reading or writing a file, fails due to an input/output error.

ZeroDivisionError: This exception is raised when an attempt is made to divide a number by zero.

ImportError: This exception is raised when an import statement fails to find or load a module.

Learn Exception Handling in PYTHON and Many more like this

Why Numpy is preferred over lists?

There are two main reasons why we would use NumPy array instead of lists in Python. These reasons are: Less memory usage: The Python NumPy array consumes less memory than lists. Less execution time: The NumPy array is pretty fast in terms of execution, as compared to lists in Python.

NumPy arrays are more compact than Python lists, a list of lists, in Python, would take at least 20 MB while a NumPy 3D array with single-precision floats in the cells would fit in 4 MB. Access in reading and writing items is also faster with NumPy.

NumPy is not just more efficient; it is also more convenient. You get a lot of vector and matrix operations for free, which sometimes allow one to avoid unnecessary work. And they are also efficiently implemented.

Python’s lists are efficient general-purpose containers. They support efficient insertion, deletion, appending, and concatenation, and Python’s list comprehensions make them easy to construct and manipulate. However, they have certain limitations: they don’t support “vectorized” operations like elementwise addition and multiplication, and the fact that they can contain objects of differing types mean that Python must store type information for every element, and must execute type dispatching code when operating on each element.

Advantages of using NumPy Arrays Over Python Lists: